Models for instruction in hygiene, 1896.

Earthenware models of pipes used for sewerage and sanitation including; top left, intercepting trap made by John Knowles and Co, London; right, drain pipe; bottom, Ellison's air brick. Good drainage and clean water supply are crucial to health. The will to provide them and the means to do so emerged in Britain in the 19th century. Whilst potteries mass-produced standard ceramic piping engineers like Joseph Bazalgette (1819-1891) in London undertook huge drainage schemes.